Sunday, November 8, 2015

Intro To Machshava: R. Bachya Ibn Paquda - Bitachon and Hishtadlus (Part 2 of 2)

Rav Aryeh Leibowitz
Adapted by Micah Hyman

Last week we discussed R. Bachya’s definition of bitachon and that a person should view God as the ultimate source for all that transpires.  This week, we address the issue of hishtadlus.  R. Bachya asks: If God is orchestrating the world, why do we need to do hishtadlus

He provides two perspective:
First, Hashem wants to test man. It isn’t difficult to have true bitachon when manna is falling from the sky.  However, when a man must work hard for his living, it is difficult to attribute his successes and failures to Hashem.  Moreover, the work place is ripe with tests of one’s bitachon.  Opportunities to cheat, or even cut corners, is one example.  If one truly believes that God provides parnasah, it would be obvious that God does not desire one to cheat to receive it.  Hence, the entire framework of hishtadlus provides opportunities to truly express our faith in God.

In addition, R. Bachya notes that the system of hishtadlus keeps man occupied.  When a person is busy with work, he has little time for sin. 

According to these reasons an interesting point emerges.  The amount of hishtadlus one needs to exert can be drastically reduced if a person is already in possession of true bitachon and uses his free time productively.  In such a situation, the primary reasons mentioned by R. Bachya are less applicable. 

In his discussion of hishtadlus, R. Bachya also emphasizes that hishtadlus does not function in the normal way of cause and effect.  That is, Hishtadlus does cause the effect, but only indirectly.  According to R. Bachya, exerting the proper and necessary histadlus is a condition to receive the bounty of God.  However, the effect is not the direct result of one’s hishtadlus.   In terms of livelihood, we would say that doing the necessary hishtadlus is needed so that you can receive the salary Hashem wants to give you.

In light of this perspective, one is advised to choose an enjoyable job, and seek out a profession that suits one’s natural abilities.   One needn’t over-concern himself with choosing the highest paying professions.  Better to find a job that will allow him to fulfill his “chiyuv hishtadlus” in the best way, and leave the actual salary to God.  It is always good to speak with a Rav and professional people familiar with your line of work to determine what hishtadlus is expected and what would constitute going beyond the chiyuv hishtadlus

Rabbeinu Bachya cautions that one maintain the proper perspective on hishtadlus. When one heads to work, he should realize that beyond the intrinsic value of his specific profession – for example, the fact that he heals people if he is a doctor or that he protects the right of the innocent or allows for proper commercial interactions if he is an attorney – his profession is a means of fulfilling his chiyuv hishtadlus.  This perspective will hopefully prevent a person from ever sacrificing his values to make extra money.  Remember, Hashem is in charge of the money, not you!

It should be noted that bitachon and hishtadlus are very broad topics, and different Rishonim held different views on these issues.

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